Description of how Defender works you can find at our site here. Also there is more information about code injections at wikipeida.
All examples below are not real and will not hurt any site. They just show how Defender could block attacks. And also you can use them to test if defender works.
1. uploading script with URLs using holes in other soft:
http://siteurl/?var=http://somesite.com/script.php
script could have any extention, txt, jpg etc. siteurl accordingly your site URL.
2. almost the same with SQL querries:
http//siteurl/?var=SELECT `passw` FROM 'table' WHERE name='admin'
3. same code could be used entering in text forms, fields etc. and if there is whole in component and server adjustements are not optimal there is possibility for injection. Defender block this attacks the same way.